Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Biomarkers were measured in 431 Black and 583 White participants (mean age of 77 and 80 years and 17% and 21% of men, respectively), generating a balanced sample of 366:366. 3 key findings →

Design: cohort Participants: 1,014 Evidence: moderate

Longitudinal Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Clinical Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Population Sample

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2022-11-29

Blood biomarkers showed significant longitudinal changes corresponding to cognitive decline, clinical AD, and structural MRI characteristics. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 1,327 Evidence: moderate

Amyloid-β 11C-PiB-PET imaging results from 2 randomized bapineuzumab phase 3 AD trials

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2015-07-24

The (11)C-PiB-PET imaging results demonstrated reduction of fibrillar Aβ accumulation in patients with Alzheimer disease treated with bapineuzumab; however, as no clinical benefit was observed, the findings are consistent with the hypotheses that bapineuzumab may not have been initiated early enough in the disease course, the doses were insufficient, or the most critical Aβ species were inadequately targeted. 4 key findings →

Design: clinical trial Participants: 115 Evidence: low

AMPA potentiator treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2007-03-01

Patients treated with LY451395 did not show a statistically significant separation from patients taking placebo on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, the primary outcome measure. 3 key findings →

Participants: 90 Evidence: high

Plasma Abeta, homocysteine, and cognition: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2009-01-01

This double-blind randomized controlled trial of vitamin therapy demonstrates a strong correlation between serum tHcy and plasma Abeta40 concentrations in subjects with ischemic stroke. 4 key findings →

Design: randomized controlled trial Participants: 150 Evidence: high

Effectiveness of a modified Continuum curriculum for medical students: a randomized trial

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2011-01-01

The Continuum: Dementia for Medical Students curriculum provided an inexpensive and readily implementable means for improving medical knowledge of dementia. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: high

Estrogen-replacement therapy and Alzheimer's disease in the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 1998-04-01

Our data from a population-based study support the hypothesis that estrogen-replacement therapy is associated with a reduced prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

[11C]PIB in a nondemented population: potential antecedent marker of Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2006-08-01

Longitudinal studies will be required to determine the association of elevated [(11)C]PIB binding and risk of developing dementia of the Alzheimer type. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Association of Neighborhood Context, Cognitive Decline, and Cortical Change in an Unimpaired Cohort

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2021-04-14

In this longitudinal study of cognitively unimpaired adults, living in the most highly disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with accelerated degeneration in Alzheimer signature regions and cognitive decline. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 19 Evidence: moderate

Functional network integrity presages cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2017-06-07

In clinically normal older adults, lower functional connectivity predicted more rapid decline in PACC scores over time, particularly when coupled with increased Aβ burden. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 237 Evidence: moderate

Failure to consider vascular cognitive impairment without dementia underestimates the prevalence of impairment and the risk for adverse outcomes associated with vascular cognitive impairment. 3 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 9,008 Evidence: moderate

We estimated the remaining lifetime risks of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia from all causes, based on data from longitudinal population studies. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 198 Evidence: moderate

Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Neurology 2016-01-29

An optimized immunoassay was used to analyze CSF Ng in a retrospective cohort of 331 participants with different neurodegenerative diseases, including healthy controls (n = 19), biomarker-proven Alzheimer disease (AD) (n = 100), genetic AD (n = 2), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 20), speech variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 21), Lewy body dementia (n = 13), Parkinson disease (n = 31), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 46), multiple system atrophy (n = 29), as well as a heterogeneous group with non-neurodegenerative cognitive impairment (n = 50). 1 key finding →

Design: retrospective cohort Participants: 19 Evidence: moderate

Plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181), a well-validated marker of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologic change, could be a more efficient way to diagnose AD than invasive or expensive biomarkers requiring CSF or PET. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 571 Evidence: moderate

One hundred eighty-seven participants with brain autopsy (NPDx1: AD n = 85; other n = 102; mean age: 74.3 years, 38.5% female; interval blood collection-death [mean ± SD]: 2.8 ± 1.6 years) and 67 NC without brain autopsy (mean age: 66.5 years, 71.6% female) were included. pTau217, but not GFAP, levels increased stepwise with increasing Thal phases (β = 0.61; 95% CI [0.24-0.97] to β = 0.91 [0.55-1.27]) and Braak stages (β = 0.59; [0.16-1.01] to β = 0.74 [0.33-1.15]). 5 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 85 Evidence: moderate

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed