Dementia emerged as the most potent risk factor for institutionalization in this 12-year community-based epidemiological study. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,147
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2002-07-01
Persistence with statin therapy in older patients declines substantially over time, with the greatest drop occurring in the first 6 months of treatment. 1 key finding →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Delirium is a frequent complication in older ICU patients and often persists beyond their ICU stay. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 45
Evidence: moderate
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Understanding the mental health consequences of child maltreatment at different life stages is important in accurately quantifying the burden of maltreatment. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 56,082
Evidence: moderate
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2024-02-28
A total of 1780 major operations (representing 9 556 171 survey-weighted operations nationally) were identified from 1477 community-living participants; mean (SD) age was 79.5 (7.0) years, with 56% being female. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,780
Evidence: moderate
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From 1996 through 2008, 5.55% of hospitalized patients resided in a nursing home 6 months later compared with 0.54% of nonhospitalized control patients. 5 key findings →
Design: retrospective cohort
Participants: 762,243
Evidence: moderate
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Over a maximum follow-up of 26 years, the median time to event was 1·2 years (IQR 0·2-3·3) in the delirium group and 1·3 years (0·3-3·6) in the control group. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 909
Evidence: moderate
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Out of 929 patients, 184 (20%) experienced POD. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 929
Evidence: moderate
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All three psychomotor disturbance subtypes had an elevated risk of dying during the 1-year follow-up relative to the normal psychomotor group, though the hypoactive group had the highest mortality risk and was the only group with a statistically significantly elevated risk relative to the normal group. 2 key findings →
Evidence: low
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2011-02-01
Compared with nonprofit hospice agencies, for-profit hospice agencies had a higher percentage of patients with diagnoses associated with lower-skilled needs and longer lengths of stay. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 4,705
Evidence: low
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Overall, hospice care in NHs does not appear to increase government expenditures. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 5,774
Evidence: moderate
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Compared with 2000, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the increase in NIV use was 2.63 (95% CI, 2.46-2.82; % receipt: 0.8% vs 2.0%) for 2005 and 11.84 (95% CI, 11.11-12.61; % receipt: 0.8% vs 7.1%) for 2017. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Hospice enrollment results in lower combined Medicare/Medicaid expenditures in the last month of life, particularly among short-stay NH residents. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 5,774
Evidence: moderate
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Inclusion and exclusion criteria were met in 303 patients, and 25 (8.3%) presented to the ED with delirium. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 303
Evidence: low
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
Age and ageing
·
2014-03-02
The 4AT is a new test for rapid screening of delirium in routine clinical practice. 1 key finding →
Participants: 29
Evidence: low
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There were 140,055 subjects in the 1998-1999 cohort and 146,328 in the 1999-2000 cohort, of which 55.5 percent and 59.7 percent, respectively, were immunized. 4 key findings →
Participants: 140,055
Evidence: moderate
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At cohort entry, the mean age was 54.8 years (SD 13.3), 56.5% were men, and 72.8% were black. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 324
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2021-01-04
Compared with men, women had decreased risk of any LEA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.34 [95% CI, 0.31-0.37]). 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
JAMA surgery
·
2022-12-14
From 2011 to 2017, of the 1193 major surgeries (from 992 community-living participants), the mean (SD) age was 79.2 (7.1) years; 665 were women (55.7%), and 30 were Hispanic (2.5%), 198 non-Hispanic Black (16.6%), and 915 non-Hispanic White (76.7%). 1 key finding →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 5,590
Evidence: moderate
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Roughly one in five hospice patients were discharged alive (21%; n = 1911). 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 9,190
Evidence: moderate
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There are specific high-risk preexisting comorbidities for COVID-19 hospitalization and related deaths in community-based older men and women. 3 key findings →
Participants: 19
Evidence: moderate
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Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities and maintain independent functioning. 2 key findings →
Evidence: high
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
The Lancet
·
2017-09-01
Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40·8-75·9 million [7·2%, 6·0-8·3]), 45·1 million (29·0-62·8 million [5·6%, 4·0-7·2]), 36·3 million (25·3-50·9 million [4·5%, 3·8-5·3]), 34·7 million (23·0-49·6 million [4·3%, 3·5-5·2]), and 34·1 million (23·5-46·0 million [4·2%, 3·2-5·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
The Lancet
·
2025-10-01
Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
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Of 1054 women with a mean age of 56.0 years at baseline, 1003 (95.2%) completed 10 years of follow-up. 5 key findings →
Evidence: high
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.