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You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

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In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that offers crucial insights into AD pathogenesis. 2 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 1,135 Evidence: moderate

The diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers was poor (area under the curve [AUC] between 0·53 [95% CI 0·44-0·62] and 0·74 [0·66-0·82]) except for plasma NfL concentrations, which had an AUC of 0·88 (0·82-0·93) for the differentiation of the asymptomatic group versus the prodromal Alzheimer's disease group and 0·95 (0·92-0·98) for the asymptomatic group versus the Alzheimer's disease dementia group. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 282 Evidence: low

Alzheimer's disease associated with Down syndrome: a genetic form of dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2021-11-01

Adults with Down syndrome develop the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and are at very high risk of developing early-onset dementia, which is now the leading cause of death in this population. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Between Feb 1, 2013, and June 28, 2019 (Barcelona), and between June 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2014 (Cambridge), we included 388 participants with Down syndrome (257 [66%] asymptomatic, 48 [12%] with prodromal Alzheimer's disease, and 83 [21%] with Alzheimer's disease dementia) and 242 euploid controls.

Inter-rater agreement for ID level classification was 95% within sites but 60% between sites. 5 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 673 Evidence: moderate

Plasma p-tau212 might have utility for theragnostics, monitoring therapy efficacy, and as a target engagement biomarker in clinical trials both in sporadic and DSAD. 1 key finding →

Participants: 245 Evidence: low

These findings highlight LBP prevalence in DSAD but suggest current SAA may fail to detect limited αSyn deposition. 4 key findings →

Participants: 270 Evidence: moderate

Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adults with Down syndrome (DS), a population with a high genetically determined risk of AD, remains challenging. 1 key finding →

Participants: 2,329 Evidence: low

Compared to controls, mean CSF NPTX2 levels were lower in DS at all AD stages; aDS (0.6-fold, adj.p 0.07). 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 49 Evidence: low

Metabolite Signature of Alzheimer's Disease in Adults with Down Syndrome

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2021-08-06

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects Alzheimer's disease related inflammation and neurodegeneration, and could be a good noninvasive disease-stage biomarker in Down syndrome. 3 key findings →

Participants: 118 Evidence: moderate

The DABNI cohort included 1,135 participants with a mean age of 42.82 years (SD = 11.56), 46.3% of whom are female. 5 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 1,135 Evidence: moderate

There is a need for early, objective markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related synapse dysfunction in adults with Down syndrome (DS). 1 key finding →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 131 Evidence: moderate

There is an urgent need for objective markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive impairment in people with Down syndrome (DS) to improve diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and assess response to disease-modifying therapies. 1 key finding →

Participants: 80 Evidence: moderate

Regional Brain Metabolism across the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum in Down Syndrome

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2025-03-14

The brain metabolic decline in DS with age reflects Alzheimer's pathological processes and involves temporoparietal regions in a similar pattern to that found in other forms of AD. 4 key findings →

Participants: 71 Evidence: low

Posterior Cortical Atrophy Due to Alzheimer Disease in a Person With Down Syndrome: A Case Report

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Neurology 2024-12-17

This well-characterized case of PCA syndrome due to AD in a very young patient with DS demonstrates the occurrence of atypical presentations in DS that might be overshadowed by the baseline intellectual disability associated with DS. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic condition due to an additional copy of human chromosome 21, which results in the deregulation of many genes. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: low

PSMD was more strongly associated with age in DS (rho=0.56; p <0.001) than in HC (rho=0.38, p <0.001; Figure 1A), with regression lines starting to diverge at age 42. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 70 Evidence: low

In DS, PSMD changed approximately 10‐15 years before the onset of AD symptoms and linearly increased with AD clinical stages, AD pathology, and SVD metrics. 4 key findings →

Participants: 70 Evidence: low

Amyloid pathology in aDS individuals is linked to frontal‐predominant atrophy without clear hypometabolism. 5 key findings →

Participants: 29 Evidence: low

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed