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Beta-amyloid-induced glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology
Apelt J, Schliebs R.. Brain research, 2001-03-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
To elucidate the mechanisms involved in beta-amyloid-mediated inflammation in Alzheimer's disease, transgenic Tg2576 mice containing as transgene the Swedish double mutation of human amyloid precursor protein 695, were examined for the expression pattern of various cytokines using double immunocytochemistry and laser scanning microscopy. Tg2576 mice studied at postnatal ages of 13, 16 and 19 months demonstrated an age-related accumulation of both senile and diffuse beta-amyloid plaques in neocortex and hippocampus. Reactive interleukin (IL)-1beta-immunoreactive astrocytes were found in close proximity to both fibrillary and diffuse beta-amyloid deposits detectable at very early stages of plaque development, while activated microglia appeared in and around fibrillary beta-amyloid plaques only.
Key findings
- Tg2576 mice studied at postnatal ages of 13, 16 and 19 months demonstrated an age-related accumulation of both senile and diffuse beta-amyloid plaques in neocortex and hippocampus.
- Reactive interleukin (IL)-1beta-immunoreactive astrocytes were found in close proximity to both fibrillary and diffuse beta-amyloid deposits detectable at very early stages of plaque development, while activated microglia appeared in and around fibrillary beta-amyloid plaques only.
- Subpopulations of reactive astrocytes also demonstrated immunolabeling for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta3, and IL-10, already detectable in 13-month-old transgenic mouse brain, while a few IL-6-immunoreactive astrocytes were observed only at later stages of plaque development.
- The early beta-amyloid-mediated upregulation of IL-1beta, TGF-beta, and IL-10 in surrounding reactive astrocytes indicates the induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Why it matters
In aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology, beta-amyloid was associated with glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This is animal research and does not test a treatment or show a benefit for patients.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Brain research) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Brain Research: journal h-index 399 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2001 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Laboratory or animal study (title names “transgenic”) — scores zero |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 289 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 10.7 citations a year over 27 year(s) since 2001 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 8.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 15 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 13 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Reinhard Schliebs: h-index 47 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Leipzig University: institution h-index 763 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 11245811) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Apelt, J., & Schliebs, R. (2001). Beta-amyloid-induced glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology. Brain research. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03176-0
Vancouver
Apelt J, Schliebs R. Beta-amyloid-induced glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology. Brain research. 2001. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03176-0. PMID: 11245811.
BibTeX
@article{apelt2001-11245811,
author = {Apelt, J. and Schliebs, R.},
title = {{Beta-amyloid-induced glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology}},
journal = {Brain research},
year = {2001},
doi = {10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03176-0},
pmid = {11245811},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03176-0}
}
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