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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 51–75 of 107 studies published 1993 (page 3 of 5) · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 107 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

The role of cortical connectivity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: a review and model system

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 1993-01-01

Here we review current evidence in support of the cortical disconnection/cortical connectivity model of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, a model which predicts that one of the first events in AD is damage to the entorhinal cortex and/or subiculum resulting in the disconnection of the hippocampal formation and neocortex, and the subsequent progression of the disease in a stepwise fashion along cortico-cortical connections. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Human neurons derived from a teratocarcinoma cell line express solely the 695-amino acid amyloid precursor protein and produce intracellular beta-amyloid or A4 peptides

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993-10-01

The beta-amyloid or beta/A4 peptides that accumulate as filamentous aggregates in the extracellular space of Alzheimer disease (AD) brains are derived from one or more alternatively spliced amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Accuracy of the Mini-Mental Status Examination as a screening test for dementia in a Swedish elderly population

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. Acta neurologica Scandinavica 1993-04-01

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) as a screening test for dementia in an elderly Swedish population. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Making the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A primer for practicing pathologists

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 1993-02-01

There is demand on community pathologists to perform autopsies to confirm the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia in our increasingly aging society. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

apl-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene encoding a protein related to the human beta-amyloid protein precursor

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993-12-01

The major component of senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer disease patients is the beta-amyloid peptide, which is derived from a larger amyloid precursor protein (APP). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Early and rapid de novo synthesis of Alzheimer beta A4-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in activated microglia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Glia 1993-11-01

Upon acute activation, microglia, the immuneffector cells of the brain parenchyma, express the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is otherwise prominent in pathological structures related to Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Driving and Alzheimer's disease: the risk of crashes

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Neurology 1993-12-01

We designed this questionnaire-based study to determine the risk of auto crashes among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients who continued to drive after the onset of AD, compared with normal age-matched control subjects and other drivers' statistical records. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

MRI hippocampal volumes and memory function before and after temporal lobectomy

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Neurology 1993-09-01

We investigated the relationship between preoperative MRI hippocampal volumes and clinical neuropsychological memory test data obtained before and after temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy for intractable epilepsy in 44 left (LTL) and 36 right (RTL) temporal lobectomy patients. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Introduction and expression of the 400 kilobase amyloid precursor protein gene in transgenic mice [corrected]

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Nature genetics 1993-09-01

Overexpression of the gene encoding the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) may have a key role in the pathogenesis of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down Syndrome (DS). 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

The extent of phosphorylation of fetal tau is comparable to that of PHF-tau from Alzheimer paired helical filaments

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Brain research 1993-11-01

The relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and expression of fetal proteins was examined by: (i) determining the phosphate content of tau prepared from fetal brains (F-tau); (ii) comparing F-tau, tau from normal adult human brains (N-tau) and tau from paired helical filaments in AD brains (PHF-tau) for phosphate content; and (iii) testing the reactivity of F-tau with five antibodies known to recognize PHF-tau. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Alterations of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA level in the aging brain and in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Neuroscience letters 1993-03-01

The GFAP mRNA levels were compared to the density of the senile plaques (SP) in postmortem brain samples of 8 cases, either non-demented or affected by senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed