84/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 84 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2015-05-01
Among persons without dementia, the prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology as determined by positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid findings was associated with age, APOE genotype, and presence of cognitive impairment. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 2,914
Evidence: high
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79/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 79 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2009-12-01
Compared with placebo, the use of G. biloba, 120 mg twice daily, did not result in less cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or with mild cognitive impairment. 3 key findings →
Participants: 1,545
Evidence: high
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78/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 78 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2010-05-01
Two loci were identified to have genome-wide significance for the first time: rs744373 near BIN1 (odds ratio [OR],1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.06-1.21 per copy of the minor allele; P = 1.59x10(-11)) and rs597668 near EXOC3L2/BLOC1S3/MARK4 (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29; P = 6.45x10(-9)). 3 key findings →
Participants: 35,000
Evidence: low
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78/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 78 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2013-04-01
Genome-wide significance in fully adjusted models (sex, age, APOE genotype, population stratification) was observed for a SNP in ABCA7 (rs115550680, allele = G; frequency, 0.09 cases and 0.06 controls; odds ratio [OR], 1.79 [95% CI, 1.47-2.12]; P = 2.2 × 10(-9)), which is in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs previously associated with Alzheimer disease in Europeans (0.8 Conclusions and relevance In this meta-analysis of data from African American participants, Alzheimer disease was significantly associated with variants in ABCA7 and with other genes that have been associated with Alzheimer disease in individuals of European ancestry. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 5,896
Evidence: high
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75/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 75 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2017-04-01
An increasing number of midlife vascular risk factors was significantly associated with elevated amyloid SUVR; this association was not significant for late-life risk factors. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 20
Evidence: moderate
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73/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 73 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2023-02-21
In this exploratory analysis, the APOE ε3[R145C] missense variant was associated with an increased risk of AD among individuals of African ancestry with the ε3/ε4 genotype. 5 key findings →
Design: case-control
Participants: 31,929
Evidence: moderate
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70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-10-01
Among Caucasian subjects from clinic- or autopsy-based studies, the risk of AD was significantly increased for people with genotypes epsilon2/epsilon4 (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.6-4.0), epsilon3/epsilon4 (OR=3.2, 95% CI=2.8-3.8), and epsilon4/epsilon4 (OR=14.9, 95% CI= 10.8-20.6); whereas, the ORs were decreased for people with genotypes epsilon2/epsilon2 (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.2-2.0) and epsilon2/epsilon3 (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5-0.8). 2 key findings →
Participants: 5,930
Evidence: low
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70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1998-03-01
The presence of an APOE-epsilon4 allele is a determinant of AD risk in whites, but African Americans and Hispanics have an increased frequency of AD regardless of their APOE genotype. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,079
Evidence: moderate
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66/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-03-01
The APOE epsilon4 allele is a genetic risk factor for dementia with stroke, including VaD and AD with CVD. 5 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 187
Evidence: moderate
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65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1995-03-01
These results suggest that the inheritance of APOE epsilon 4 is associated with reduced cerebral parietal metabolism and increased asymmetry in non-demented relatives at risk for probable AD. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 12
Evidence: moderate
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65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2016-02-01
Among the 286 autopsied brains of 544 participants, brain mercury levels were positively correlated with the number of seafood meals consumed per week (ρ = 0.16; P = .02). 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 286
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2001-03-01
During 21 046 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 6.3 years), 199 women developed dementia, including 159 who developed AD. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 3,601
Evidence: moderate
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2001-06-01
A significant portion of sleep-disordered breathing is associated with ApoE epsilon4 in the general population. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1998-08-01
Using parametric methods, no evidence for linkage to the region spanned by the chromosome 12 markers could be detected if familial AD is assumed to arise from the same genetic locus in all 53 families. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 173
Evidence: moderate
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60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2010-01-01
This preliminary report suggests that CETP V405 valine homozygosity is associated with slower memory decline and lower incident dementia and AD risk. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 523
Evidence: moderate
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2002-01-01
However, in this study, the additional risk of dementia conferred by being a first-degree relative, by being female, or by the probability of having an APOE epsilon4 allele appeared similar in African American and white families. 1 key finding →
Participants: 17
Evidence: low
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53/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2002-06-01
This study suggests that vitamin E from food, but not other antioxidants, may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
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53/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-10-01
Fifteen chromosomal regions warranted initial follow-up. 4 key findings →
Participants: 280
Evidence: low
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48/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-07-01
Among the 30 boxers, 11 were found to be normal (CBI score=0), 12 showed mild deficits (CBI score=1-2), 4 were moderately impaired (CBI score=3-4), and 3 showed signs of severe impairment (CBI score > 4). 3 key findings →
Evidence: low
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48/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-03-01
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, exists in both familial and sporadic forms. 3 key findings →
Evidence: low
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47/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-03-01
Except for autosomal dominant early-onset families, genetic testing in asymptomatic individuals is unwarranted. 5 key findings →
Participants: 20
Evidence: low
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.