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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–23 of 23 studies in Inflammation and the immune system · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Showing 23 studies tagged fluid — clear

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Inflammation and the immune system” covers

Inflammation and the immune system — The brain's immune cells and inflammatory signals, and their role in how Alzheimer's starts and progresses.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and YKL-40 as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2015-11-20

Widespread implementation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical settings requires improved accuracy for diagnosis of prodromal disease and for distinguishing AD from non-AD dementias. 4 key findings →

Participants: 338 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease--associations with depression, fatigue, and cognitive impairment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Brain, behavior, and immunity 2013-07-31

Neuroinflammation may be involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and specifically in non-motor symptoms such as depression, fatigue and cognitive impairment. 4 key findings →

Participants: 87 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Microglia protein profiles in CSF across Alzheimer’s disease clinical stages

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Nature Aging 2026-03-11

Microglia are implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology from its earliest stages, suggesting that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microglia profiling across clinical AD stages can aid in treatment development and monitoring. 3 key findings →

Participants: 834 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associated with increased risk of clinical progression in early Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease 2026-03-28

Early and accurate detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for timely intervention and development of disease-modifying treatments. 1 key finding →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Prepandemic Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Anxious-Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Confinement in Cognitively Unimpaired Adults

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Neurology 2022-08-02

We investigated whether β-amyloid, cortical thickness in medial temporal lobe structures, neuroinflammation, and sociodemographic factors were associated with greater anxious-depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 confinement. 5 key findings →

Participants: 921 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future directions

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Molecular Neurodegeneration 2025-07-10

Recent advances in our understanding of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have highlighted microglial dysfunction as a core driver of disease progression. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Neuroinflammatory Processes, A1 Astrocyte Activation and Protein Aggregation in the Retina of Alzheimer's Disease Patients, Possible Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Frontiers in neuroscience 2019-09-04

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a primary cause of dementia in the aging population, is characterized by extracellular amyloid-beta peptides aggregation, intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau, neurodegeneration and glial activation in the brain. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Neurofilament Biomarkers in Neurology: From Neuroinflammation to Neurodegeneration, Bridging Established and Novel Analytical Advances with Clinical Practice

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2025-10-07

Neuroaxonal damage underlies permanent disability in various neurological conditions, both neuroautoimmune and neurodegenerative. 5 key findings →

Design: narrative review Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Disturbed choline plasmalogen and phospholipid fatty acid concentrations in Alzheimer's disease prefrontal cortex

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2011-01-01

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain deposition of senile (neuritic) plaques containing amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and overexpression of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) metabolizing enzymes. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Reliable New Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma from Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Pilot Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2025-08-12

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

CSF markers of neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and [18F]DOPA-PET in Parkinson's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2025-08-21

In PD patients, a decrease in [ 18 F]DOPA PET retention correlated with disease duration as well as CSF neurodegenerative and synaptic biomarkers but not with inflammatory biomarkers or [ 18 F]RO948 PET midbrain off-target retention. 2 key findings →

Participants: 623 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MMP-2, 7, and 9 are elevated in association with human immunodeficiency virus dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. Annals of neurology 1999-09-01

Pathological evidence suggests that alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may occur in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia (HIVD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

The Association Between Circulating Inflammatory Markers and the Progression of Alzheimer Disease in Norwegian Memory Clinic Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 2020-01-01

Increased levels of inflammatory markers were not associated with faster progression as measured by the annual change on the CDR-SB or MMSE score. 2 key findings →

Participants: 88 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed