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Research

27,780 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–22 of 22 studies published 1995 · free to read · 27,780 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 22 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 13,259 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Apolipoprotein E4 allele as a predictor of cholinergic deficits and treatment outcome in Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-12-01

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is critical in the modulation of cholesterol and phospholipid transport between cells of different types. 3 key findings →

Participants: 40 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-05-01

Inheritance of specific apolipoprotein E (apoE) alleles determines, in large part, the risk and mean age of onset of late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Apolipoprotein E is a kinetic but not a thermodynamic inhibitor of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-01-01

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is associated with an early age of onset of the nonfamilial form of Alzheimer disease (AD) and with increased beta protein amyloid deposition in the brain. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Age-related CNS disorder and early death in transgenic FVB/N mice overexpressing Alzheimer amyloid precursor proteins

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Neuron 1995-11-01

Transgenic FVB/N mice overexpressing human (Hu) or mouse (Mo) Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP695) die early and develop a CNS disorder that includes neophobia and impaired spatial alternation, with diminished glucose utilization and astrogliosis mainly in the cerebrum. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Memory disorders in probable Alzheimer's disease: the role of hippocampal atrophy as shown with MRI

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 1995-05-01

Magnetic resonance based volumetric measures of hippocampal formation, amygdala (A), caudate nucleus (CN), normalised for total intracranial volume (TIV), were analysed in relation to measures of cognitive deterioration and specific features of memory functions in 18 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →

Participants: 18 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediates apolipoprotein E-dependent neurite outgrowth in a central nervous system-derived neuronal cell line

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-10-01

The epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer disease, suggesting that apoE may directly influence neurons in the aging brain. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Quantitative analysis of senile plaques in Alzheimer disease: observation of log-normal size distribution and molecular epidemiology of differences associated with apolipoprotein E genotype and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-04-01

The discovery that the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is a putative risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD) in the general population has highlighted the role of genetic influences in this extremely common and disabling illness. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Inflammatory processes induce beta-amyloid precursor protein changes in mouse brain

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-03-01

In Alzheimer disease, a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors may contribute to changes in beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, beta-amyloid peptide deposition, and neuronal loss. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Muscarinic regulation of Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein secretion and amyloid beta-protein production in human neuronal NT2N cells

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. The Journal of biological chemistry 1995-03-01

The Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes complex processing resulting in the production of a 4-kDa amyloid peptide (A beta) which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Regulated formation of Golgi secretory vesicles containing Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. The Journal of biological chemistry 1995-10-01

Phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C (PKC), regulate the relative utilization of alternative processing pathways for the Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in intact cells, increasing the production of nonamyloidogenic soluble beta-APP (s beta-APP) and decreasing that of neurotoxic beta-amyloid (A beta) peptide. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Amyloid precursor protein processing is stimulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-08-01

Stimulation of muscarinic m1 or m3 receptors can, by generating diacylglycerol and activating protein kinase C, accelerate the breakdown of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to form soluble, nonamyloidogenic derivatives (APPs), as previously shown. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Dephosphorylation of Alzheimer paired helical filaments by protein phosphatase-2A and -2B

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. The Journal of biological chemistry 1995-03-01

Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease and in this form is the major protein subunit of the paired helical filaments (PHF), the most prominent lesion of the disease. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Age-related learning deficits in transgenic mice expressing the 751-amino acid isoform of human beta-amyloid precursor protein

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-06-01

The beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), from which the beta-A4 peptide is derived, is considered to be central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Item bias in cognitive screening measures: comparisons of elderly white, Afro-American, Hispanic and high and low education subgroups

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of clinical epidemiology 1995-04-01

A study of item bias in standard cognitive screening measures was conducted in a sample of Afro-American, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elderly respondents who were part of a dementia case registry study. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Amyloid beta peptide potentiates cytokine secretion by interleukin-1 beta-activated human astrocytoma cells

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-11-01

Neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer disease (AD) are thought to be driven in part by the deposition of amyloid beta (A beta), a 39- to 43-amino acid peptide product resulting from an alternative cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Glutamate as a hippocampal neuron survival factor: an inherited defect in the trisomy 16 mouse

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995-10-01

The survival of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons was found to be greatly enhanced by micromolar concentrations of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Chronic elevation of S100 beta protein does not alter APP mRNA expression or promote beta-amyloid deposition in the brains of aging transgenic mice

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 33 out of 100. Brain research 1995-12-01

S100 beta protein, a member of a Ca(2+)-binding protein family present primarily in the nervous system, affects the survival and differentiation of both neurons and glia cells. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled.

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,780 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (61.1% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.3%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,034 records (3.7% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed