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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 3 of 382 rows for Palliative / advance care planning. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 3 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Palliative / advance care planning Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

Advance care planning strongly increased DNR documentation (OR 14.12) but did not change whether residents died in the nursing home (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.72-3.66). Evidence on other end-of-life outcomes was limited and inconsistent, and no study came from a non-Western setting.

 Do-not-resuscitate documentation; place of death meta-analysis not stated DNR documentation OR 14.12 (95% CI 3.95-50.47); nursing home death OR 1.62 (95% CI 0.72-3.66, not significant) Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41198038
Palliative / advance care planning Care, carers and services Treatment No effect
why

The primary outcome did not improve. Emergency department visits and hospitalisations were lower (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31-0.65), which is a secondary outcome.

 NPI-Q neuropsychiatric symptom severity at 24 months (primary) randomised trial 201 ED visits + hospitalisations: RR 0.45 (95% CI 0.31-0.65); NPI-Q severity difference -0.24 (95% CI -2.33 to 1.84, not significant) JAMA 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 39878993
Palliative / advance care planning Care, carers and services Treatment No direction reported
why

A Delphi consensus among 60 international expert panellists, reaching agreement on 15 major and 42 minor referral criteria. No patient outcome is measured and no effect is estimated.

 Consensus referral criteria for specialist palliative care (no patient outcome) cross-sectional study 60 not established — delphi survey; the abstract reports consensus counts (15 major, 42 minor criteria), not an effect estimate. JAMA Network Open 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40366652

How this table was built, and where it is weak →

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