Every row of the evidence table

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Among p-tau217-positive patients, a positive eMTBR-tau243 identified clinically established Alzheimer's disease with 81% accuracy and predicted faster cognitive decline and tau accumulation.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. All p-tau217 tests detected abnormal amyloid PET (AUC 0.91-0.96) and tau PET (0.94-0.97); the mass-spectrometry %p-tau217 ratio was best (accuracy 0.93 versus 0.83-0.88 for immunoassays) and is proposed as a stand-alone confirmatory test, with immunoassays better suited to triage.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. The ALZpath plasma p-tau217 immunoassay reached AUC 0.92-0.96 for amyloid and 0.93-0.97 for tau across three cohorts, comparable with CSF, and a three-range cut-off cut confirmatory testing by about 80%.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Plasma p-tau217 identified amyloid positivity with AUC 0.94; a two-cut-point rule sent only 17% for CSF or PET (sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.86), and among amyloid-positive people it identified high tau load (AUC 0.92), potentially avoiding 56.9% of tau-PET scans.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. A blood model of p-tau217, age and APOE ε4 (AUC 89.3% development, 94.3% validation) used to triage patients gave 88-92% overall accuracy while cutting confirmatory CSF tests by 61-86%.

Direction is for disclosing the blood panel during multidisciplinary meetings: median diagnostic confidence rose from 80% to 90%, though the suspected etiology changed in only 5% of patients and the syndrome diagnosis in 1%. Against CSF/PET, high- and low-probability results identified 76% of amyloid positives and 85% of negatives.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. The two-marker plasma model matched PET-based stages with a C index of 0.91 in both the derivation and validation cohorts, tracked clinical stage (C index 0.84-0.86) and aligned with autopsy ADNC (AUC 0.96), improving on %p-tau217 alone at the intermediate stage.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Serum GFAP tracked post-mortem tau pathology independently of amyloid, correlated negatively with brain weight and cognition, correlated with astrocyte reactivity in tissue, and separated neuropathologically confirmed AD from non-AD dementias with AUC 0.91.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Smell testing followed by CSF seed amplification only in those with reduced smell predicted brain Lewy body pathology with 94% accuracy and cut CSF testing by 43%; in a living cohort it predicted CSF assay status with 79% accuracy.

Direction is for the Care Ecosystem programme: total cost of care was $475.80 per member per month lower than matched controls at 12 months, with fewer emergency, outpatient and professional visits.

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Driving features distinguished drivers with MCI from those with normal cognition (AUC 0.82), rising to 0.87 with demographics, APOE4 and cognition; drivers with MCI showed greater declines in trip frequency, night driving and route variety.

Direction is for STOPPING the antipsychotic: discontinuers were hospitalised less than matched continuers.

Direction is for discontinuation: tapering after 12 weeks lowered the 24-month absolute risk of delirium and fracture versus continuing, with no difference in stroke, pneumonia or death. Results were similar for abrupt discontinuation and after 24 weeks.

Observational: 80% of residents were on no anti-dementia drug, so who gets prescribed and who does not may itself track prognosis.

Cholinesterase inhibitors, not memantine: -0.39 MMSE points a year against -2.50 with no treatment. The mortality benefit held only in the first year. Registry data with weighting, not a trial.