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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 3 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 3 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Hypertension (as exposure) Heart and metabolic health Prevention Harm
why

Direction is for midlife hypertension. Genetic risk for Alzheimer's did not modify it, which the authors read as everyone with hypertension standing to gain from treatment.

 Incident dementia over 23-27 years cohort study 11,597 Midlife hypertension HR for dementia 1.19-1.34 across genetic risk tertiles (white participants); 1.31 (95% CI 1.04-1.66) in high-risk Black participants Neurology 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42385118
Obesity / BMI Heart and metabolic health Prevention Harm Incident dementia cohort study 10,276 Obese (BMI≥30) vs normal weight: HR 1.74 (95% CI 1.34-2.26); overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9): HR 1.35 (95% CI 1.14-1.60); highest vs lowest fifth of subscapular skinfold thickness: HR 1.72 (95% CI 1.36-2.18) BMJ 2005
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 15863436
Type 2 diabetes Heart and metabolic health Prevention Harm Incident all-cause, vascular and non-vascular dementia meta-analysis 2,310,330 All-cause dementia: women RR 1.62 (95% CI 1.45-1.80), men RR 1.58 (95% CI 1.38-1.81); vascular dementia: women RR 2.34 (95% CI 1.86-2.94), men RR 1.73 (95% CI 1.61-1.85); non-vascular dementia: women RR 1.53 (95% CI 1.35-1.73), men RR 1.49 (95% CI 1.31-1.69) Diabetes Care 2016
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 26681727

How this table was built, and where it is weak →