Every finding in the evidence table: 382 rows, filterable

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2

Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192

Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58

Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35

Showing 15 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

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Research and outcomes, 15 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure	Question	Direction	Outcome measured	Design	People	Effect size, as the source reported it	Source
Blood biomarker test (p-tau217 / amyloid ratio) Care, carers and services	Treatment	No effect why Direction is for the blood test's ability to detect treatment-related amyloid clearance on PET: AUC 0.61, which the authors call suboptimal and not currently usable for that purpose. It says nothing about the drug's effect.	Detection of PET-confirmed amyloid clearance after donanemab (AUC at 52 weeks)	phase 3 trial	830	Plasma p-tau217 showed suboptimal performance in detecting TRAC by PET in donanemab-treated participants (N = 830), with an area under the ROC curve of 0.61 at 52 weeks	Alzheimer's & Dementia 2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42565262
Physical activity (general / dose) Exercise and activity	Prevention	No effect why No difference between aerobic training and stretching/balance. Cognition was stable in both arms, but with no non-exercising control the trial cannot say whether either arm helped.	ADAS-Cog-Exec 12-month cognitive trajectory	phase 3 trial	296	Between-group cognitive difference -0.078 (SE 0.074, p=0.3); 12-month hippocampal volume loss 0.51% in both arms	Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40271888
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Benefit why Prespecified and post hoc re-analyses of a trial already reported elsewhere, so this is not independent evidence.	Progression between disease stages and to needing in-home support	phase 3 trial	not stated	HR 0.67 for MCI-to-mild-dementia progression; HR 0.50 for mild-to-moderate; HR 0.74 for progression to needing in-home support	Neurology: Clinical Practice 2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42128444
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Harm why Against placebo: ARIA-E 24.4% vs 1.9%. Risk tracks APOE4 status and baseline imaging.	ARIA-E and ARIA-H incidence	phase 3 trial	3,030	ARIA-E 24.4% vs 1.9% placebo; symptomatic ARIA-E 5.8%; serious ARIA-E 1.5%	JAMA Neurology 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40063015
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Benefit why Direction is for the slower titration schedule against standard dosing, on the drug's own side effect. Amyloid reduction was comparable.	ARIA-E incidence at 24 weeks	phase 3 trial	843	ARIA-E 13.7% (modified titration) vs 23.7% (standard) at 24 weeks	Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40172303
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Benefit why An open-label extension: after 18 months everyone is on the drug, so the comparison is early-start versus delayed-start, not drug versus placebo.	Clinical decline over up to 36 months	phase 3 trial	not stated	"ARIA rates were low after 6 months and not associated with long-term progression. Across clinical and HRQoL endpoints, lecanemab-treated participants continued to benefit through 36 months. Separation between early and delayed start was maintained between 18 and 36 months."	Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41355080
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Benefit why Less decline than placebo, alongside infusion reactions and ARIA.	CDR-SB at 18 months	phase 3 trial	1,795	Adjusted mean CDR-SB change 1.21 (lecanemab) vs. 1.66 (placebo); difference -0.45 (95% CI -0.67 to -0.23, P<0.001)	New England Journal of Medicine 2023 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 36449413
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Benefit	iADRS at 76 weeks	phase 3 trial	1,736	iADRS change at 76 weeks: -6.02 (95% CI -7.01 to -5.03) donanemab vs -9.27 (-10.23 to -8.31) placebo in the low/medium tau population (difference 3.25, 95% CI 1.88-4.62; P<.001), and -10.2 vs -13.1 in the combined population (difference 2.92, 95% CI 1.51-4.33). CDR-SB difference -0.67 (95% CI -0.95 to -0.40)	JAMA 2023 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 37459141
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines	Treatment	Mixed why Two identically designed trials disagreed: EMERGE met its primary endpoint, ENGAGE did not.	CDR-SB at 78 weeks	phase 3 trial	3,285	EMERGE: CDR-SB difference -0.39 vs. placebo (95% CI -0.69 to -0.09; P=.012); ENGAGE: CDR-SB difference +0.03 vs. placebo (95% CI -0.26 to 0.33; P=.833)	Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease 2022 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 35542991
Anti-tau therapy Medicines	Treatment	No effect why Co-primary endpoints were not met at 52 weeks. The comparator was a low dose of the same drug rather than placebo, which the authors say masked any separation; they report separation in the MCI subgroup only at 78 and 104 weeks.	ADAS-cog11 and ADCS-ADL23 at 52 weeks (co-primary)	phase 3 trial	598	"It was not possible to demonstrate significant differences on the co-primary clinical endpoints (ADAS-cog11 and ADCS-ADL23) at 52 weeks due to symptomatic activity in the control arm." In MCI, ADAS-cog13 differences between early- and delayed-start HMTM 16 mg/day reached p=0.0291 at 78 weeks and p=0.0308 at 104 weeks; NfL progression fell (p=0.0291) and tau pathology (p-tau217) fell (p=0.0165) in MCI	The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease 2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41570392
GLP-1 receptor agonist Medicines	Treatment	No effect	CDR-SB	phase 3 trial	3,808	EVOKE difference -0.08 (95% CI -0.35 to 0.20); EVOKE+ difference 0.10 (95% CI -0.17 to 0.38)	The Lancet 2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41865758
Other investigational drug Medicines	Treatment	No effect	ADAS-Cog12 and ADCS-ADL (co-primary) at week 52	phase 3 trial	804	ADAS-COG12 change from baseline to week 52: 2.8 (SE 0.36) simufilam vs 3.2 (0.36) placebo, difference -0.39 (0.50), P=0.43. ADCS-ADL: -3.3 (0.44) vs -3.8 (0.44), difference 0.51 (0.61), P=0.40	GlobeNewswire (company press release); trial registered as NCT04994483 2024 ⚠ Press release — not a study no DOI or PMID exists
Psychotropics for agitation / psychosis Medicines	Treatment	No effect why Not effective, and drug-related QT prolongation was observed. The randomised sample was smaller than planned.	Clinically significant improvement in agitation at 12 weeks	phase 3 trial	173	Risk difference for clinically significant improvement 0.08 (95% CI -0.21 to 0.06)	Nature Medicine 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40133524
Psychotropics for agitation / psychosis Medicines	Treatment	Benefit why A post hoc dementia subgroup of a randomised-withdrawal trial that was not designed or powered for it; 46 randomised responders. The authors say to read it cautiously.	Psychosis relapse over up to 26 weeks	phase 3 trial	76	Psychosis relapse HR 0.031 (95% CI 0.010-0.103) vs placebo among 46 randomised responders	BMC Neurology 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41286676
Psychotropics for agitation / psychosis Medicines	Treatment	Benefit why Both doses beat placebo. Treatment-emergent adverse events were more common than placebo (84.6% at 2 mg, 76.8% at 1 mg, 73.8% placebo).	Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory at week 10	phase 3 trial	not stated	CMAI change vs placebo: -7.2 (95% CI -10.0 to -4.3) at 2 mg; -3.7 (95% CI -6.8 to -0.7) at 1 mg	Alzheimer's & Dementia 2024 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 39369280

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