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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2

Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192

Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58

Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35

Showing 6 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

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Research and outcomes, 6 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure	Question	Direction	Outcome measured	Design	People	Effect size, as the source reported it	Source
Population burden (prevalence, incidence, lifetime risk) All modifiable factors together	Prevention	No direction reported why A pooled incidence and prevalence estimate with no exposure compared, so no direction is recorded.	Pooled incidence and prevalence of frontotemporal dementia	meta-analysis	not stated	Pooled crude incidence for FTD was 2.28 (95% CI, 1.55-3.36) per 100 000 person-years and prevalence, 9.17 (95% CI, 3.59-23.42) per 100 000 people	JAMA Neurology 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40920400
Population burden (prevalence, incidence, lifetime risk) All modifiable factors together	Prevention	No direction reported why A pooled prevalence estimate with no exposure compared, so there is no direction to record.	Global prevalence of young-onset dementia (ages 30-64)	meta-analysis	2,760,379	Age-standardized prevalence estimates increased from 1.1 per 100 000 population in the group aged 30 to 34 years to 77.4 per 100 000 population in the group aged 60 to 64 years. This gives an overall global age-standardized prevalence of 119.0 per 100 000 population in the age range of 30 to 64 years, corresponding to 3.9 million people aged 30 to 64 years living with YOD in the world	JAMA Neurology 2021 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 34279544
Amyloid PET Centiloid positivity threshold Care, carers and services	Treatment	No direction reported why A threshold-derivation meta-analysis: it converges on 18 Centiloids (data-driven) and 27 Centiloids (visual reads) and flags 11-26 as a range to read with caution. It compares no exposure, so no direction exists to record.	Centiloid cutoff for amyloid PET positivity (data-driven and by visual-read correspondence)	meta-analysis	49,227	The data-driven GMM approach identified a bimodal distribution in 51 studies (n = 48 786), resulting in a single cutoff for positivity of 18 Centiloids (95% CI,16-19; I2 = 97%). The double-cutoff approach revealed high confidence for interpreting scans as negative when Centiloid values were lower than 11 (95% CI, 9-13; I2 = 95%) and interpreting scans as positive if Centiloid values were higher than 26 (95% CI, 24-28; I2 = 95%) ... Centiloids were highly predictive of visual positivity (Cohen κ, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89; I2 = 96%) with a cutoff of 27 Centiloids (95% CI, 24-30; I2 = 80%)	JAMA 2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42441390
Caregiving itself (exposure to the carer) Care, carers and services	Treatment	No direction reported why A pooled prevalence among carers (50.8% lonely, 37.1% socially isolated) with no non-carer comparison, so no direction for the effect of caregiving can be recorded.	Prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among informal carers	meta-analysis	11,134	The pooled prevalence of loneliness among informal carers of individuals with dementia was 50.8% (95% CI: 41.8%-59.8%), while the pooled prevalence of social isolation was 37.1% (95% CI: 26.7%-47.6%)	International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2024 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 38752797
Prognosis after dementia diagnosis (survival, nursing home admission) Care, carers and services	Treatment	No direction reported why A prognosis meta-analysis: it pools time to death and to nursing home admission and compares no exposure. Women's shorter survival was attributable to later age at diagnosis.	Median survival and time to nursing home admission after diagnosis	meta-analysis	5,553,960	Median survival from diagnosis appeared to be strongly dependent on age, ranging from 8.9 years at mean age 60 for women to 2.2 years at mean age 85 for men ... Median time to nursing home admission was 3.3 years (interquartile range 1.9 to 4.0). 13% of people were admitted in the first year after diagnosis, increasing to 57% at five years	BMJ 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 39778977
Polygenic risk / GWAS loci Genes (not modifiable)	Prevention	No direction reported why Locus-discovery genome-wide association study: it reports which genetic regions reached significance and no effect estimate for any exposure, so no direction is recorded. The study reports 14 new loci for clinically diagnosed AD and two from AD-by-proxy.	Genome-wide significant loci for clinically diagnosed AD and AD-by-proxy	meta-analysis	432,374	not established — pubmed abstract lists the loci by name and reports no effect estimate.	Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 39998322

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