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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 3 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 3 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Blood biomarker test (p-tau217 / amyloid ratio) Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Performance varied widely across tests, from 49.3% to 91.4% pooled sensitivity and 61.5% to 96.7% pooled specificity at a single cut-point, with most studies at high risk of bias.

 Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 31 blood-based biomarker tests for Alzheimer pathology in cognitively impaired people meta-analysis not stated the pooled sensitivity ranged from 49.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.2-57.4) to 91.4% (95% CI: 86.6-94.6), and the pooled specificity ranged from 61.5% (95% CI: 45.6-75.3) to 96.7% (95% CI: 87.8-99.2) Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41193403
Carer psychosocial / skills intervention Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

Peer support reduced distress to behavioural symptoms and increased social support and quality of life immediately after the intervention, but had no effect on depression/anxiety, loneliness, burden or competence, and no outcome was sustained at follow-up.

 Caregiver distress, social support, health-related quality of life, depression/anxiety, loneliness, burden and competence after peer support meta-analysis 1,680 Peer support interventions significantly reduced caregiver distress to behavioral symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.55 to -0.02; p = 0.03), increased social support (SMD, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.67; p = 0.02), and HRQoL (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.46; p = 0.03) postintervention. However, no significant effects were observed on depression/anxiety, loneliness, caregiving burden, and caregiving competence/knowledge postintervention. None of the outcomes showed sustained effects at follow up Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41690252
Palliative / advance care planning Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

Advance care planning strongly increased DNR documentation (OR 14.12) but did not change whether residents died in the nursing home (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.72-3.66). Evidence on other end-of-life outcomes was limited and inconsistent, and no study came from a non-Western setting.

 Do-not-resuscitate documentation; place of death meta-analysis not stated DNR documentation OR 14.12 (95% CI 3.95-50.47); nursing home death OR 1.62 (95% CI 0.72-3.66, not significant) Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41198038

How this table was built, and where it is weak →