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Every row of the evidence table
One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.
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Showing 4 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.
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| Exposure | Question | Direction | Outcome measured | Design | People | Effect size, as the source reported it | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of dementia care Care, carers and services | Treatment |
No direction reported
whyA descriptive spending analysis with no exposure compared, so there is no direction to record: Part D spending rose with dual-eligibility duration, Part B drug spending varied widely by state, and ACO enrollment made only a modest difference. |
Medicare Part D and Part B drug spending and out-of-pocket costs among fee-for-service beneficiaries with dementia, by dual eligibility, state and ACO enrollment | cross-sectional study | 1,372,696 | Medicare Part D drug spending was substantial, increasing with dual-eligibility duration: $8732-$9107 among beneficiaries with full-year dual eligibility and exceeding $11 500 among those with 5+ chronic conditions ... Medicare Part B drug spending was highest among Medicare-only beneficiaries and varied widely by state, ranging from $433 to $1827 among Medicare-only beneficiaries and from $179 to $1446 among dually eligible beneficiaries |
Innovation in Aging
2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42787606 |
| Palliative / advance care planning Care, carers and services | Treatment |
No direction reported
whyA Delphi consensus among 60 international expert panellists, reaching agreement on 15 major and 42 minor referral criteria. No patient outcome is measured and no effect is estimated. |
Consensus referral criteria for specialist palliative care (no patient outcome) | cross-sectional study | 60 | not established — delphi survey; the abstract reports consensus counts (15 major, 42 minor criteria), not an effect estimate. |
JAMA Network Open
2025 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40366652 |
| APOE genotype Genes (not modifiable) | Prevention |
No direction reported
whyA descriptive proteomic mapping: APOE-linked protein changes were present before amyloid pathology and stable across age and disease stage, with ε2 tied to cellular-maintenance and anti-inflammatory pathways and ε4 to cell-cycle, oligodendrocyte-precursor and downstream vascular, immune and proteostatic proteins. It estimates no effect on a clinical outcome. |
Plasma and CSF proteomic signatures of APOE ε4 and ε2 across five cohorts | cross-sectional study | not stated | not established — pubmed abstract reports no numeric effect size. |
Nature Aging
2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42141098 |
| Polygenic risk / GWAS loci Genes (not modifiable) | Prevention |
No direction reported
whyA transcriptome-wide association study prioritising nine genes (including BIN1, PTK2B and DMPK) with broadly consistent effects across populations; it reports no effect estimate for any exposure, so no direction is recorded. |
Genes whose blood expression is genetically associated with Alzheimer's disease across three populations | cross-sectional study | 751 | not established — pubmed abstract reports gene counts and a correlation (r2 ≈ 0.34 between two bin1 variants), no effect estimate. |
American Journal of Human Genetics
2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42066773 |