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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 3 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 3 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Blood biomarker test (p-tau217 / amyloid ratio) Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

The findings point two ways: the p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio tracked AD-related factors (MCI, AD dementia, future progression, age, APOE ε4) more closely than either marker alone and had few intermediate results, but it was also related to kidney function, diabetes and hearing loss, and medical morbidities were most frequent among intermediate classifications.

 Associations of plasma p-tau217, Aβ42/40 and p-tau217/Aβ42 with AD-related factors and with medical comorbidities (kidney function, diabetes, hearing loss) in a health-system biobank cross-sectional study 617 not established — pubmed abstract reports no numeric effect size. Annals of neurology 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41447112
Blood biomarkers (GFAP, NfL, p-tau217) for staging and prognosis Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

The result points two ways: p-tau181 gave the best AUC for separating AD from controls, frontotemporal dementia and amyloid-negative Lewy body dementia, but that discrimination could not be reproduced when pre-defined cut-offs were applied, so cohort-specific cut-offs were needed.

 Discrimination of AD from controls, frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia by plasma Aβ42/40, p-tau181, GFAP and NfL, and transfer of predefined cut-offs to validation cohorts cross-sectional study 1,298 not established — pubmed abstract results prints no auc or other figure; it states only that p-tau181 showed the best area under the curve and that pre-defined… Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40551285
CSF alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay Care, carers and services Treatment Mixed
why

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Results ranged from 55% to 100% sensitivity and 60% to 100% specificity across four laboratories using different protocols, with only fair agreement between them (kappa 0.246).

 Sensitivity, specificity and cross-laboratory agreement for dementia with Lewy bodies cross-sectional study 30 On average, the 4 laboratories achieved 78.8% sensitivity (minimum 55%, maximum 100%), 77.5% specificity (minimum 60%, maximum 100%), and 78.5% accuracy (minimum 57%, maximum 100%) for discriminating DLB from controls ... A fair agreement of SAA results was obtained across the 4 laboratories (average κ = 0.246) Neurology 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41604609

How this table was built, and where it is weak →