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Every row of the evidence table
One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.
Every row
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Area
All 382
Care, carers and services 140
Medicines 85
Genes (not modifiable) 35
All modifiable factors together 27
Diet and supplements 23
Exercise and activity 21
Sleep, mood and social life 19
Hearing and vision 8
Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6
Infection and vaccination 5
Heart and metabolic health 4
Injury, delirium and falls 4
Environment 3
Cognitive activity 2
Showing 1 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.
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| Exposure | Question | Direction | Outcome measured | Design | People | Effect size, as the source reported it | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOE genotype Genes (not modifiable) | Prevention |
Mixed
whyDirection is for APOE genotype after 90: ε2 carriers had lower dementia risk, while the ε4 association was not statistically significant. Women and Black participants had higher risk than men and Asian participants. Age-standardised incidence was 116.82 per 1000 person-years. |
Incident all-cause dementia after age 90 by APOE genotype, sex and race | cohort study | 805 | The age-standardised incidence rate was 116·82 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 93·69-139·96). In Fine-Gray models, dementia risk was higher in female than in male participants (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1·89, 95% CI 1·30-2·76) and Black than Asian participants (sHR 1·75, 1·07-2·88), lower in APOE ε2 carriers than in non-carriers (sHR 0·39, 0·17-0·88), and not significantly higher in APOE ε4 carriers than in non-carriers (sHR 1·51, 0·92-2·47) |
The lancet. Healthy longevity
2026 ✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42551464 |