Every row of the evidence table

A pilot designed to test feasibility; 68 carers and a 2-week outcome.

At the 1-month comparison the automated self-guided programme reduced depression and burden and increased positive gains versus waitlist; anxiety did not differ. Group differences mostly disappeared once controls received the programme.

A factorial trial of components: the mindfulness component carried the benefit and amplified the others.

Direction is for NIDUS-Family: an 89% probability of cost-effectiveness from a health and social care perspective (87% societal) and £8,934 (37%) lower average costs, though the cost difference's confidence interval includes zero.

The outcome is how prepared carers felt to decide about firearm access, not whether any injury was avoided.

Benefit in Hispanic and White caregivers and in Black spousal caregivers; not in Black non-spousal caregivers.

The community health worker programme achieved verified linkage to medical care in 16.7% of dyads versus none in the control arm. Caregiver outcomes were largely unchanged, with self-efficacy favouring control.

Direction is for the extended nursing role intervention: 74% fewer unmet needs and higher quality of life at six months, with a small QALY gain at about 1,425 EUR added cost; no effect on caregiver burden.

Direction is for collaborative dementia care management: fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms, lower caregiver burden, better mental health and 0.137 QALYs gained at no significant added cost (3186€ per QALY) over 36 months; no difference in antidementia drug use, overall quality of life or inappropriate medication.

The outcome is how many diagnoses were made, not whether anyone was better off. The passive digital marker alone did not raise detection (AOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.63-1.11).

The outcome is how prepared carers felt to decide about firearm access, not whether any injury was avoided.

Direction is for DREAMS START against treatment as usual: a 78% probability of being cost-effective at £20,000 per QALY, with cost and QALY differences individually non-significant. The clinical sleep result is in the table under its own row.

Controls declined while the olive-oil arm held steady; the nut arm fell between the two. Cognitive follow-up was available for 334 of 447 enrolled.

Controls declined while the olive-oil arm held steady; the nut arm fell between the two. Cognitive follow-up was available for 334 of 447 enrolled.

Compared with flexible health advice, not with nothing; both groups improved.

Both groups improved; the structured programme improved more. The trial compares two active interventions, so there is no untreated comparison.

The authors call the effect small (-0.18 points). Significant in women, not in men, on 91 randomised and 76 completing.

Phase 1 dose-finding. The outcome is amyloid clearance; no cognitive outcome was measured.

Significant for MCI and for the MCI-or-dementia composite; not significant for probable dementia alone (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72-1.02).

A large drop in blood pressure (22/9 mmHg) and fewer serious adverse events in the intervention villages.

Direction is for normal sleep versus sleep deprivation, on a clearance measure — not on cognition, which this trial did not measure.