alzhub.org
Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

Filter

Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
Clear all

Showing 3 of 382 rows for Tau PET imaging (natural history of tau). One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 3 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Tau PET imaging (natural history of tau) Care, carers and services Treatment Harm
why

Direction is for amyloid: it induced hyperconnectivity from tau epicentres to posterior tau-vulnerable regions, present already in preclinical AD, and this hyperconnectivity mediated amyloid's effect on faster tau accumulation.

 Amyloid-related functional hyperconnectivity of temporal-lobe tau epicentres, and its mediation of amyloid's effect on longitudinal tau accumulation cohort study 609 not established — pubmed abstract reports no numeric effect size. Science Translational Medicine 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 39841807
Tau PET imaging (natural history of tau) Care, carers and services Treatment Harm
why

Direction is for greater spatial extent of tau: it tracked memory in unimpaired people and executive function in MCI and dementia better than a temporal meta-ROI, and tau spread fastest in unimpaired and MCI participants. Most amyloid-positive participants followed Braak staging, with substantial regional heterogeneity within each stage.

 Spatial extent of abnormal tau over time and its association with cognition cohort study 832 More than 80% of amyloid-beta positive participants across diagnostic groups followed typical Braak staging, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Within each Braak stage, however, the pattern of abnormality demonstrated significant heterogeneity such that the overlap of abnormal regions across participants averaged less than 50% ... Accumulation of tau progressed more rapidly among cognitively unimpaired and participants with mild cognitive impairment (1.2 newly abnormal regions per year) compared to participants with Alzheimer's disease dementia (less than 1 newly abnormal region per year) Brain Communications 2024
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 38410618
Tau PET imaging (natural history of tau) Care, carers and services Treatment Harm
why

Direction is for regional tau burden: more tau went with less glucose metabolism (r = -0.49) and with worse domain-specific cognition, while amyloid was diffuse and only weakly related. An imaging association, not an exposure effect.

 Regional glucose hypometabolism and domain-specific cognitive deficits cross-sectional study 35 there was a strong negative association between (18)F-AV1451 and (18)F-FDG uptake (Pearson's r = -0.49 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) and less pronounced positive associations between (11)C-PiB and (18)F-FDG (Pearson's r = 0.16 ± 0.09, P < 0.001) and (18)F-AV1451 and (11)C-PiB (Pearson's r = 0.18 ± 0.09, P < 0.001) Brain 2016
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 26962052

How this table was built, and where it is weak →