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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 3 of 382 rows for Cognitive screening instrument accuracy. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 3 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Cognitive screening instrument accuracy Care, carers and services Treatment Benefit
why

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Tablet tests correlated strongly with MMSE, MoCA and Trails A (r > 0.7) and the Match test separated amyloid-positive from -negative patients (AUC 0.82) better than MMSE or MoCA (0.75).

 Correlation with pen-and-paper tests and discrimination of amyloid-positive from amyloid-negative early-onset AD patients cross-sectional study 475 Match and Flanker were associated with all pen‐and‐paper tests, with strongest correlations observed with the MMSE, MoCA, and Trails A (r's >0.7) ... Of TabCAT tests, Match best discriminated Aβ+ from Aβ‐ patients (Area Under the Curve (AUC)=0.82), outperforming the MMSE (AUC=0.75) and MoCA (AUC=0.75), and comparable to the overall best performing test Benson Figure Recall (AUC=0.85 Alzheimer's & Dementia (AAIC 2025 conference abstract) 2025
⚠ Conference abstract — not peer-reviewed DOI 10.1002/alz70857_104654
Cognitive screening instrument accuracy Care, carers and services Treatment Benefit
why

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. Pooled sensitivity 76% and specificity 83% for dementia, with 73% / 84% in primary care; the authors call it a practical screening tool while noting high or unclear risk of bias in patient selection and timing.

 Pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Mini-Cog for dementia, MCI and cognitive impairment meta-analysis not stated To detect dementia (six studies, n = 4772), the Mini-Cog showed 76% sensitivity and 83% specificity. To detect MCI (two studies, n = 270), it showed 84% sensitivity and 79% specificity. To detect CI (eight studies, n = 2152), it had 67% sensitivity and 83% specificity. In the primary care setting, to detect either MCI, dementia, or CI (eight studies, n = 5620), the Mini-Cog demonstrated 73% sensitivity and 84% specificity PLOS ONE 2024
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 38483857
Cognitive screening instrument accuracy Care, carers and services Treatment Benefit
why

Direction is for the test's accuracy against the reference standard; an accuracy result, not a health outcome. The two-stage GPCOG had sensitivity 0.85 and specificity 0.86 against DSM-IV dementia, and was superior to the Abbreviated Mental Test.

 Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the GPCOG for dementia in general practice cross-sectional study 283 The two-stage method of administering the GPCOG (cognitive testing followed by informant questions if necessary)had a sensitivity of 0.85, a specificity of 0.86, a misclassification rate of 14%, and positive predictive value of 71.4% Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2002
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 11943052

How this table was built, and where it is weak →