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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 7 of 382 rows. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 7 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines Treatment Benefit
why

Prespecified and post hoc re-analyses of a trial already reported elsewhere, so this is not independent evidence.

 Progression between disease stages and to needing in-home support phase 3 trial not stated HR 0.67 for MCI-to-mild-dementia progression; HR 0.50 for mild-to-moderate; HR 0.74 for progression to needing in-home support Neurology: Clinical Practice 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 42128444
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines Treatment Benefit
why

Direction is for the slower titration schedule against standard dosing, on the drug's own side effect. Amyloid reduction was comparable.

 ARIA-E incidence at 24 weeks phase 3 trial 843 ARIA-E 13.7% (modified titration) vs 23.7% (standard) at 24 weeks Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40172303
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines Treatment Benefit
why

An open-label extension: after 18 months everyone is on the drug, so the comparison is early-start versus delayed-start, not drug versus placebo.

 Clinical decline over up to 36 months phase 3 trial not stated "ARIA rates were low after 6 months and not associated with long-term progression. Across clinical and HRQoL endpoints, lecanemab-treated participants continued to benefit through 36 months. Separation between early and delayed start was maintained between 18 and 36 months." Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41355080
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines Treatment Benefit
why

Less decline than placebo, alongside infusion reactions and ARIA.

 CDR-SB at 18 months phase 3 trial 1,795 Adjusted mean CDR-SB change 1.21 (lecanemab) vs. 1.66 (placebo); difference -0.45 (95% CI -0.67 to -0.23, P<0.001) New England Journal of Medicine 2023
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 36449413
Anti-amyloid antibody Medicines Treatment Benefit iADRS at 76 weeks phase 3 trial 1,736 iADRS change at 76 weeks: -6.02 (95% CI -7.01 to -5.03) donanemab vs -9.27 (-10.23 to -8.31) placebo in the low/medium tau population (difference 3.25, 95% CI 1.88-4.62; P<.001), and -10.2 vs -13.1 in the combined population (difference 2.92, 95% CI 1.51-4.33). CDR-SB difference -0.67 (95% CI -0.95 to -0.40) JAMA 2023
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 37459141
Psychotropics for agitation / psychosis Medicines Treatment Benefit
why

A post hoc dementia subgroup of a randomised-withdrawal trial that was not designed or powered for it; 46 randomised responders. The authors say to read it cautiously.

 Psychosis relapse over up to 26 weeks phase 3 trial 76 Psychosis relapse HR 0.031 (95% CI 0.010-0.103) vs placebo among 46 randomised responders BMC Neurology 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41286676
Psychotropics for agitation / psychosis Medicines Treatment Benefit
why

Both doses beat placebo. Treatment-emergent adverse events were more common than placebo (84.6% at 2 mg, 76.8% at 1 mg, 73.8% placebo).

 Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory at week 10 phase 3 trial not stated CMAI change vs placebo: -7.2 (95% CI -10.0 to -4.3) at 2 mg; -3.7 (95% CI -6.8 to -0.7) at 1 mg Alzheimer's & Dementia 2024
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 39369280

How this table was built, and where it is weak →