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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 2 of 382 rows for Statins / lipid-lowering. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 2 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Statins / lipid-lowering Medicines Prevention No effect
why

After the first year the data rule out more than a 3% change either way. Diagnoses were 46% higher in the first year, which the authors attribute to people being seen more often just after starting a statin. This sits against the Chicago cohort, which found benefit in APOE4 carriers.

 Incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias cohort study 322,358 HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.01) for dementia after the first year of statin initiation Neurology 2025
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 40577672
Statins / lipid-lowering Medicines Prevention Benefit
why

Benefit was confined to APOE4 carriers (HR 0.60) and absent in non-carriers (HR 0.96). Observational, and it disagrees with the larger target-trial emulation that found nothing.

 Incident clinical Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline cohort study 4,807 Alzheimer's HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.94) overall; 0.60 (0.49-0.74) in APOE ε4 carriers; 0.96 (0.82-1.12) in non-carriers Neurology 2024
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 38447103

How this table was built, and where it is weak →