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Home › Research › What the research found › Every row

Every row of the evidence table

One row per finding: what was tested, which way the result went, and how the study was built. The answer by area, and where the studies disagree, are on the main page.

Every row

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Area All 382 Care, carers and services 140 Medicines 85 Genes (not modifiable) 35 All modifiable factors together 27 Diet and supplements 23 Exercise and activity 21 Sleep, mood and social life 19 Hearing and vision 8 Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis 6 Infection and vaccination 5 Heart and metabolic health 4 Injury, delirium and falls 4 Environment 3 Cognitive activity 2
Question Both Prevention 190 Treatment 192
Direction Any Benefit 144 Harm 105 No effect 38 Mixed 37 No direction reported 58
Design Any meta-analysis 57 randomised trial 44 phase 3 trial 15 systematic review 9 phase 2 trial 10 cohort study 136 phase 1 trial 2 cross-sectional study 31 case-control study 14 modelling study 20 regulatory decision 7 company announcement 1 coverage determination 1 None 35
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Showing 2 of 382 rows for Delirium. One row per study per exposure: a study that tested two different things appears twice, once for each.

Scroll the table sideways to see every column.

Research and outcomes, 2 rows. Every row links to its source.
Exposure Question Direction Outcome measured Design People Effect size, as the source reported it Source
Delirium Injury, delirium and falls Prevention Harm
why

Direction is for delirium on admission: it raised the risk of incident dementia across the whole spectrum of long-term conditions, with the largest relative risk (3.38) in people without multiple long-term conditions.

 Incident dementia after an emergency hospital admission, by number of long-term conditions cohort study 23,558 The relative risk was highest in those without multiple LTCs (MLTCs; adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aHR] 3·38 [95% CI 2·46-4·63]) and decreased with an increasing number of LTCs The lancet. Healthy longevity 2026
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 41911932
Delirium Injury, delirium and falls Prevention Harm
why

One of the largest effect sizes in this table (subdistribution HR 3.00), rising about 20% with each further episode. The authors argue for a causal reading.

 Incident dementia and death over 5.25 years cohort study 110,422 Incident dementia subdistribution HR 3.00 (95% CI 2.91-3.10) after delirium; +20% per additional episode BMJ 2024
✓ Peer-reviewed PMID 38537951

How this table was built, and where it is weak →