[
 {
  "label": "Americans age 65+ living with Alzheimer's dementia",
  "value": "7.2 million",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures (Alzheimer's & Dementia)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "First time the estimate has exceeded 7 million; represents 1 in 9 (11%) of Americans 65+"
 },
 {
  "label": "Alzheimer's prevalence by age: 65-74",
  "value": "5.1%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Modeled prevalence estimate, not a raw count"
 },
 {
  "label": "Alzheimer's prevalence by age: 75-84",
  "value": "13.2%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Modeled prevalence estimate"
 },
 {
  "label": "Alzheimer's prevalence by age: 85+",
  "value": "33.4%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Modeled prevalence estimate"
 },
 {
  "label": "Projected Americans 65+ with Alzheimer's by 2060",
  "value": "13.8 million",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2060,
  "notes": "Projection; assumes no medical breakthroughs to prevent/cure Alzheimer's"
 },
 {
  "label": "Americans with younger-onset dementia (before age 65)",
  "value": "~200,000 (about 110 per 100,000 people age 30-64)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Author-described as a limited/estimated evidence base"
 },
 {
  "label": "Share of U.S. Alzheimer's patients who are women",
  "value": "almost two-thirds (4.4 million women vs. 2.8 million men of the 7.2 million total)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Represents 12% of all U.S. women 65+ and 10% of all U.S. men 65+"
 },
 {
  "label": "Lifetime risk of Alzheimer's dementia at age 45, women",
  "value": "1 in 5 (~20%)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures (citing Chêne et al., Framingham Heart Study data through 2009)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Modeled estimate; risk is 'slightly higher' if measured starting at age 65 instead of 45"
 },
 {
  "label": "Lifetime risk of Alzheimer's dementia at age 45, men",
  "value": "1 in 10 (~10%)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures (citing Chêne et al., Framingham Heart Study)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Modeled estimate"
 },
 {
  "label": "Black Americans 65+ with Alzheimer's dementia (CHAP study)",
  "value": "19%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures (CHAP study data)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Compare: 14% for Hispanic and 10% for White older adults in same study; most other prevalence studies put Black older adults at roughly twice the risk of White older adults"
 },
 {
  "label": "Hispanic Americans 65+ with Alzheimer's dementia (CHAP study)",
  "value": "14%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures (CHAP study data)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Some other studies estimate Hispanic older adults at ~1.5x White prevalence; estimates vary by specific Hispanic subgroup"
 },
 {
  "label": "White Americans 65+ with Alzheimer's dementia (CHAP study)",
  "value": "10%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures (CHAP study data)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Reference group for racial/ethnic comparisons"
 },
 {
  "label": "U.S. adults 65+ with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease",
  "value": "roughly 8%-11% (approx. 5 to 7 million people)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Indirect estimate combining ~17-22% all-cause MCI prevalence with ~50% of MCI cases having Alzheimer's-related brain changes; authors call for more precise biomarker-based studies"
 },
 {
  "label": "Alzheimer's disease deaths in the U.S.",
  "value": "120,122 deaths",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures (citing official AD death certificates)",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2022,
  "notes": "Most recent year of finalized mortality data cited in the 2025 report"
 },
 {
  "label": "Alzheimer's disease deaths in the U.S.",
  "value": "114,034 deaths (age-adjusted rate 27.7 per 100,000, down 4.2% from 2022's 28.9)",
  "source": "CDC/NCHS Data Brief No. 521",
  "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db521.htm",
  "year": 2023,
  "notes": "Alzheimer's was the 6th-leading cause of death in both 2022 and 2023"
 },
 {
  "label": "Alzheimer's disease deaths in the U.S.",
  "value": "116,022 deaths (rate 34.1 per 100,000)",
  "source": "CDC FastStats, National Vital Statistics System via CDC WONDER",
  "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/alzheimers.htm",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "6th leading cause of death in 2024; rate calculation methodology may differ slightly from the age-adjusted NCHS Data Brief figures, so is not directly comparable to the 2023 rate above"
 },
 {
  "label": "Increase in U.S. Alzheimer's deaths, 2000-2022",
  "value": "more than 142% increase",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2022,
  "notes": "Contrasted with declines over the same period in deaths from stroke, heart disease, and HIV"
 },
 {
  "label": "Family/unpaid dementia caregivers in the U.S.",
  "value": "nearly 12 million (11.475 million)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Report notes this reflects a decline in the number of caregivers vs. a decade earlier, with more hours per remaining caregiver"
 },
 {
  "label": "Hours of unpaid dementia caregiving provided",
  "value": "19.2 billion hours",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Self-reported/modeled estimate"
 },
 {
  "label": "Economic value of unpaid dementia caregiving",
  "value": "$413.5 billion",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Described in the report as 'nearly $415 billion'; valuation methodology imputes an hourly wage to unpaid care hours"
 },
 {
  "label": "Total U.S. cost of health care, long-term care, and hospice for people 65+ with dementia",
  "value": "$384 billion",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Excludes the value of unpaid caregiving, which is reported separately"
 },
 {
  "label": "Projected total U.S. cost of dementia care",
  "value": "just under $1 trillion",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2050,
  "notes": "In 2025 dollars; assumes no new treatment breakthroughs; includes a projected 2.6x rise in Medicare/Medicaid spending and 2.4x rise in out-of-pocket costs"
 },
 {
  "label": "Lifetime cost of care per person with dementia",
  "value": "$405,262",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "70% of this cost is borne directly by families via unpaid caregiving and out-of-pocket spending"
 },
 {
  "label": "Average per-person annual Medicare payments, dementia vs. no dementia",
  "value": "almost 3 times as great for beneficiaries with Alzheimer's/dementia",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Comparative ratio, not an absolute dollar figure"
 },
 {
  "label": "Average per-person annual Medicaid payments, dementia vs. no dementia",
  "value": "$6,952 vs. $313 (22x as great)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Applies to Medicare beneficiaries who also have Medicaid coverage; driven largely by nursing-home/long-term-care costs"
 },
 {
  "label": "Older Alzheimer's/dementia patients dually covered by Medicare and Medicaid",
  "value": "24% (vs. 10% of people without dementia)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": null
 },
 {
  "label": "Dementia caregivers who are women",
  "value": "approximately two-thirds (61.5% per one 2018 U.S. survey)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Over one-third of all U.S. dementia caregivers are daughters caring for a parent"
 },
 {
  "label": "Dementia caregivers who rated emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high",
  "value": "59%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12040760/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Self-reported"
 },
 {
  "label": "Dementia caregivers employed in the past year who needed schedule changes (came in late/left early/took time off)",
  "value": "57%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures Executive Summary",
  "url": "https://www.alz.org/getmedia/c05f7ba4-9aea-4cb0-8898-5e8bff3f0930/executive-summary-2025-alzheimers-disease-facts-and-figures.pdf",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Among the 60% of caregivers who were employed in the past year; 16% had to take a formal leave of absence"
 },
 {
  "label": "Primary care physicians reporting not enough dementia care specialists in their community",
  "value": "55%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures Executive Summary",
  "url": "https://www.alz.org/getmedia/c05f7ba4-9aea-4cb0-8898-5e8bff3f0930/executive-summary-2025-alzheimers-disease-facts-and-figures.pdf",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Self-reported physician survey"
 },
 {
  "label": "U.S. adults 65+ living in areas with potential dementia-specialist shortfalls",
  "value": "34% to 59%",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures Executive Summary",
  "url": "https://www.alz.org/getmedia/c05f7ba4-9aea-4cb0-8898-5e8bff3f0930/executive-summary-2025-alzheimers-disease-facts-and-figures.pdf",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Range reflects differing specialist-shortfall definitions across cited studies"
 },
 {
  "label": "Additional geriatricians needed by 2050",
  "value": "more than 18,000 (more than double the number practicing in 2021)",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures Executive Summary",
  "url": "https://www.alz.org/getmedia/c05f7ba4-9aea-4cb0-8898-5e8bff3f0930/executive-summary-2025-alzheimers-disease-facts-and-figures.pdf",
  "year": 2050,
  "notes": "Tied to a projected 12.7 million Americans 65+ with Alzheimer's dementia by 2050"
 },
 {
  "label": "Direct (paid) long-term care workers in the U.S.",
  "value": "grew from 3.5 million to 5 million; 861,000 additional workers needed by 2032",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2025 Facts and Figures Executive Summary",
  "url": "https://www.alz.org/getmedia/c05f7ba4-9aea-4cb0-8898-5e8bff3f0930/executive-summary-2025-alzheimers-disease-facts-and-figures.pdf",
  "year": 2023,
  "notes": "Growth measured 2014-2023; projection is described as likely still falling short of true demand"
 },
 {
  "label": "People living with dementia worldwide",
  "value": "57 million",
  "source": "WHO, Dementia Fact Sheet",
  "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia",
  "year": 2021,
  "notes": "Over 60% live in low- and middle-income countries; nearly 10 million new cases occur annually worldwide"
 },
 {
  "label": "Share of global dementia cases that are Alzheimer's disease",
  "value": "60-70%",
  "source": "WHO, Dementia Fact Sheet",
  "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia",
  "year": 2021,
  "notes": null
 },
 {
  "label": "Global economic cost of dementia",
  "value": "US $1.3 trillion",
  "source": "WHO, Dementia Fact Sheet",
  "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia",
  "year": 2019,
  "notes": "Roughly half of this cost is attributed to informal (unpaid family) caregiving"
 },
 {
  "label": "Share of global dementia care hours provided by women",
  "value": "70%",
  "source": "WHO, Dementia Fact Sheet",
  "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia",
  "year": 2021,
  "notes": "Informal caregivers globally provide an average of 5 hours of daily care/supervision"
 },
 {
  "label": "Share of dementia cases potentially preventable/delayable via modifiable risk factors",
  "value": "45%",
  "source": "Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care, 2024 report (summarized by Alzheimer's Disease International)",
  "url": "https://www.alzint.org/news-events/news/lancet-commission-identifies-two-new-risk-factors-for-dementia-and-suggests-45-of-cases-could-be-delayed-or-reduced/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Up from the Commission's 2020 estimate of 40%; based on population-attributable-fraction modeling of 14 modifiable risk factors across the life course, not a direct causal guarantee for any individual"
 },
 {
  "label": "Number of modifiable dementia risk factors identified by the Lancet Commission",
  "value": "14 (up from 12 in 2020)",
  "source": "Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care, 2024 report",
  "url": "https://www.alzint.org/news-events/news/lancet-commission-identifies-two-new-risk-factors-for-dementia-and-suggests-45-of-cases-could-be-delayed-or-reduced/",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "The two factors newly added in 2024 are untreated vision loss and high LDL cholesterol"
 },
 {
  "label": "NIH/NIA funding for Alzheimer's disease including AD/ADRD (combined category)",
  "value": "$3,882 million (~$3.88 billion)",
  "source": "NIH RePORT, Categorical Spending (Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization system)",
  "url": "https://report.nih.gov/funding/categorical-spending/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Dollars in millions, rounded; NIH notes late-year figures in this table may reflect estimates rather than final actuals; combines and de-duplicates the separate 'Alzheimer's Disease' and 'ADRD' categories"
 },
 {
  "label": "NIH/NIA funding for 'Alzheimer's Disease' category alone (excludes related dementias)",
  "value": "$3,620 million",
  "source": "NIH RePORT, Categorical Spending",
  "url": "https://report.nih.gov/funding/categorical-spending/",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Dollars in millions, rounded; separate from the combined AD/ADRD figure above"
 },
 {
  "label": "NIA's total FY2025 President's Budget request (all aging research, not Alzheimer's-specific)",
  "value": "$4,425.3 million",
  "source": "National Institute on Aging, Fiscal Year 2025 Congressional Budget Justification",
  "url": "https://www.nia.nih.gov/about/budget/fiscal-year-2025-budget",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "This is NIA's entire institute budget request (all aging research), not an Alzheimer's-specific figure; retrieved via Wayback Machine archive because the live NIA page is bot-gated"
 },
 {
  "label": "CMS GUIDE Model participating organizations",
  "value": "390 organizations nationwide",
  "source": "CMS GUIDE Model announcement; corroborated in Alzheimer's Association 2025 Facts and Figures",
  "url": "https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/blog/guiding-improved-dementia-experience-clearing-path-comprehensive-high-quality-dementia-care",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Model launched July 1, 2024; split into 96 'Established Program Track' sites (began services immediately) and 294 'New Program Track' sites (began services July 1, 2025)"
 },
 {
  "label": "FDA-cleared Lumipulse blood test accuracy for detecting amyloid pathology",
  "value": "positive results correct 91.7% of the time; negative results correct 97.3% of the time",
  "source": "FDA press announcement, Lumipulse G pTau217/Beta-Amyloid 1-42 Plasma Ratio clearance",
  "url": "https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-clears-first-blood-test-used-diagnosing-alzheimers-disease",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Applies to adults 55+ with signs/symptoms of cognitive decline evaluated in specialized care settings; not validated for asymptomatic screening"
 },
 {
  "label": "2026-cycle U.S. Alzheimer's prevalence and cost (most current, for comparison)",
  "value": "7.4 million Americans living with Alzheimer's dementia; $409 billion in projected 2026 care costs; 134% rise in Alzheimer's deaths since 2000",
  "source": "Alzheimer's Association, 2026 Facts and Figures Report",
  "url": "https://www.alz.org/news/2026/facts-figures-report-brain-health",
  "year": 2026,
  "notes": "Newer figures superseding the 2025-cycle numbers above; included separately so both report cycles are traceable to their correct year"
 },
 {
  "label": "GUIDE model respite services cap per aligned patient, performance year 2026 (July 1, 2026 - June 30, 2027)",
  "value": "$2,625",
  "source": "CMS, GUIDE Payment Methodology Paper, Version 3.0 (effective June 1, 2026), Section 5 and Exhibit 17; corroborated by CMS MLN Fact Sheet MLN7172818 (July 2026), p. 3",
  "url": "https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innovation/files/guide-payment-methodology-paper.pdf",
  "year": 2026,
  "notes": "Verbatim: 'Participants can bill as many or as few of the codes for a respite-eligible, aligned patient, up to a per-patient annual cap of $2,625.' MLN7172818 (July 2026): 'The annual cap for PY 2026 is $2,625 per patient.' Cap applies to patients in the moderate and high complexity dyad tiers; not prorated for mid-year alignment; resets each performance year (July 1); unused funds do not carry over. Cap is geographically adjusted per the RFA. PY 2026 respite base rates: in-home G0529 $138 per 4-hour unit, adult day G0530 $104 per day, facility-based G0531 $321 per 24-hour unit (rates up 2.4% from PY 2025)."
 },
 {
  "label": "GUIDE model respite services cap per aligned patient, performance year 2025 (July 1, 2025 - June 30, 2026)",
  "value": "$2,563",
  "source": "CMS, GUIDE Payment Methodology Paper, Version 3.0, footnote 30",
  "url": "https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innovation/files/guide-payment-methodology-paper.pdf",
  "year": 2025,
  "notes": "Verbatim footnote 30: 'The GUIDE respite allotment of $2,563 was increased 2.5% for PY 2025 from PY 2024. The $2,563 per year equates to roughly 76 hours of in-home GUIDE Respite Services per year, paid at a rate of $33.75 per hour.' Version history of the same paper records that Version 2.1 (June 11, 2025) introduced the 'updated payment rates and respite cap for PY 2025'. The July 2025 edition of MLN7172818 was not itself read; only the July 2026 edition was."
 },
 {
  "label": "GUIDE model respite services cap per aligned beneficiary, performance year 2024 / model year 1 (July 1, 2024 - June 30, 2025)",
  "value": "$2,500",
  "source": "CMS, GUIDE Model Request for Applications (Version 1), Section on GUIDE Respite Services and footnote 64; CMS GUIDE model web page (still states 'respite services up to $2,500 annually')",
  "url": "https://www.cms.gov/files/document/guide-rfa.pdf",
  "year": 2024,
  "notes": "Verbatim RFA: 'up to a per beneficiary annual cap of $2,500' and 'The GUIDE respite allotment of $2,500 per year equates to roughly 96 hours of in-home GUIDE Respite Services per year, paid at a rate of $26 per hour.' The payment methodology paper's footnote 30 confirms PY 2024 was the base from which the PY 2025 cap ($2,563) was raised 2.5%. The cms.gov GUIDE page (last updated 08/11/2026) still carries the original $2,500 figure and is therefore stale relative to the payment paper."
 }
]